Educational materials and tutorials to expand your knowledge on how Neptune works.
April 23, 2021
Alan Szepieniec and Thorkil Værge
The Neptune White Paper by Alan Szepieniec and Thorkil Værge
August 1, 2025
Jastar13 and Kaffin
Step-by-step guide to building and using Neptune Core's redeem branch to generate UTXO redemption claims from the legacy chain.
October 26, 2024
Alan Szepieniec
Non-deterministic algorithms can efficiently verify that authentication structures for Merkle trees are correct and complete.
February 6, 2023
Jan Ferdinand Sauer
How Triton VM's zk-STARK engine links distinct tables together to create convincing proofs of correct program execution.
November 25, 2022
Thorkil Værge
How multicircuits reduce the computational overhead of STARK proof generation by efficiently evaluating multivariate polynomials.
August 3, 2022
Thorkil Værge, Ferdinand Sauer, and Alan Szepieniec
Learn how to arithmetize a simple Turing complete programming language such that a STARK prover and verifier can be built for it.
April 11, 2022
Thorkil Værge
In the Neptune protocol Merkle Mountain Ranges are used to commit to the set of transaction outputs.
October 28, 2021
Alan Szepieniec
Optimizing STARK performance using the Number Theoretic Transform and computational algebra techniques for faster proof generation.
October 28, 2021
Alan Szepieniec
Building a practical STARK proof system for Rescue-Prime hash function evaluation, creating a post-quantum signature scheme.
October 28, 2021
Alan Szepieniec
The STARK Polynomial IOP backbone, covering AIR arithmetization and interpolation steps for proof system construction.
October 28, 2021
Alan Szepieniec
FRI (Fast Reed-Solomon IOP of Proximity) protocol for establishing bounded polynomial degrees through split-and-fold technique.
October 28, 2021
Alan Szepieniec
Finite field arithmetic fundamentals and implementation for building STARKs with specific algebraic structures.
